These dangling bonds can provide electronic or absorb electronic contact angle, the equivalent of donor impurities in semiconductors and acceptor impurities (see semiconductor), thereby forming a donor or acceptor levels fairly level surface level. Surface level can be located in the area of ??physical tape band gap can also be located to allow the band, which is called the resonant states. Clean the surface cleaning surface surface level is called the intrinsic surface states. When the change of surface structure, foreign atoms adsorbed on the surface, or the presence of various defects of the surface layer in contact angle measurement, density and distribution of surface level will change significantly. Origin of the surface level, the relationship between the density and distribution company in Dongguan contact angle and surface structure is one of the basic content of surface physics. The main experimental study of the surface level means there photoelectron spectroscopy, plasma and in the spectrum. The distribution of surface heterogeneity temperature and air humidity contamination of the sample surface impurity component elements of the sample surface roughness of roughness of the sample surface sometimes affect not only the size of the contact angle of water contact angle contact angle measurement, but also non-polar solvent such as methylene iodide contact angle, with two sets of data can then be calculated using the. You do not know what instruments to measure the contact angle, if it is a video optical contact angle measuring instrument, it should be its own calculation of the surface free energy of the function, its help file which has a detailed calculation methods. Contact angle measurement, contact angle, ShengDing instruments provided by the Dongguan Sheng Ding Precision Instrument Company. Dongguan Sheng Ding Precision Instrument Co., Ltd. (www.dgshengding.com) (www.dgshengding.com) strong, credible, in Dongguan, Guangdong specialized instrumentation industry has accumulated a large number of loyal customers. The company better work attitude and constantly improving innovative ideas will lead ShengDing instrument and you hand into the brilliant, for a better future!